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bionic approach for the mechanical and electrical decoupling of an MEMS capacitive sensor in ultralow forcemeasurement

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0747-1

摘要： Capacitive sensors are efficient tools for biophysical force measurement, which is essential for the exploration of cellular behavior. However, attention has been rarely given on the influences of external mechanical and internal electrical interferences on capacitive sensors. In this work, a bionic swallow structure design norm was developed for mechanical decoupling, and the influences of structural parameters on mechanical behavior were fully analyzed and optimized. A bionic feather comb distribution strategy and a portable readout circuit were proposed for eliminating electrostatic interferences. Electrostatic instability was evaluated, and electrostatic decoupling performance was verified on the basis of a novel measurement method utilizing four complementary comb arrays and application-specific integrated circuit readouts. An electrostatic pulling experiment showed that the bionic swallow structure hardly moved by 0.770 nm, and the measurement error was less than 0.009% for the area-variant sensor and 1.118% for the gap-variant sensor, which can be easily compensated in readouts. The proposed sensor also exhibited high resistance against electrostatic rotation, and the resulting measurement error dropped below 0.751%. The rotation interferences were less than 0.330 nm and (1.829 × 10⁻⁷)°, which were 35 times smaller than those of the traditional differential one. Based on the proposed bionic decoupling method, the fabricated sensor exhibited overwhelming capacitive sensitivity values of 7.078 and 1.473 pF/µm for gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, which were the highest among the current devices. High immunity to mechanical disturbances was maintained simultaneously, i.e., less than 0.369% and 0.058% of the sensor outputs for the gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, indicating its great performance improvements over existing devices and feasibility in ultralow biomedical force measurement.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system capacitive sensor bionics operation instability mechanical and electrical decoupling biomedical force measurement

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大力测量技术的新进展——附着式超轻型大力传感器

沈久珩

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 22-27

摘要：

大力传感器是现代重型装备的高科技电子信息器件。文章围绕重型大力传感器的微型化问题论述了重型装备大力测量的意义、特征及发展，讨论了大力分流测量的物理模型，介绍了作者发明的超轻型附着式大力传感器及其工程应用。

关键词：重型装备大力传感器支承式附着式电阻应变计分流测量

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Systems biomedical analysis of Schistosoma japonicum

Ze-Guang HAN MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 157-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0034-5

摘要： Human schistosomiasis, caused mainly by three principal species including , , and , remains a major public health concern worldwide. is prevalent in southern China, being a major disease risk for 66 million people. The blood fluke has a complex life cycle for survival: as a free-living form in fresh water and as a parasite in the snail intermediate and vertebrate definitive hosts. Systems-based biomedical analyses, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic approaches, have been performed on the schistosome. These comprehensive investigations have not only characterized the genomic features but also chartered gene and protein expression profiles across genders and developmental stages. The integration of the huge information will lay a global and solid foundation for the molecular architecture of the biology, pathogenesis, and host-parasite interactions of the human blood fluke, which will facilitate the development of a new antischistosomal vaccine and drugs as well as diagnostic markers for the treatment and control of schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosoma japonicum systems biomedical analysis

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Fluorescent probes and functional materials for biomedical applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1425-1437 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2163-1

摘要： Due to their simplicity in preparation, sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become the analytical tool of choice in a wide range of research and industrial fields, facilitating the rapid detection of chemical substances of interest as well as the study of important physiological and pathological processes at the cellular level. In addition, many long-wavelength fluorescent probes developed have also proven applicable for in vivo biomedical applications including fluorescence-guided disease diagnosis and theranostics (e.g., fluorogenic prodrugs). Impressive progresses have been made in the development of sensing agents and materials for the detection of ions, organic small molecules, and biomacromolecules including enzymes, DNAs/RNAs, lipids, and carbohydrates that play crucial roles in biological and disease-relevant events. Here, we highlight examples of fluorescent probes and functional materials for biological applications selected from the special issues “Fluorescent Probes” and “Molecular Sensors and Logic Gates” recently published in this journal, offering insights into the future development of powerful fluorescence-based chemical tools for basic biological studies and clinical translation.

关键词： fluorescent probes imaging cell biomedicine biomolecules

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基于变形力监测数据的残余应力场推断和表征方法

赵智伟, 刘长青, 李迎光, James Gao

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 49-59 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.018

摘要：

残余应力是材料的基本属性之一，与零件的几何/尺寸稳定性和疲劳寿命直接相关。针对具有高精度要求的大型零件，其残余应力场的准确测量和预测一直是一个挑战。目前的残余应力场测量技术分为基于应变的有损法以及效率和精度较低的无损法。本文提出了一种基于变形力推断残余应力场的无损法。本方法通过能够反映去除材料后不平衡残余应力场整体效应的变形力来推断零件的残余应力场。利用虚功原理建立了变形力与残余应力场之间的力学关系，并引入正则化方法求解残余应力场。为验证方法的有效性，本文进行了理论验证和实际实验验证。实验结果表明，该方法对于大型结构件的残余应力场测量具有可靠的精度和灵活性。在数字化和智能制造的趋势下，该方法的基本原理为利用加工监测数据预测和补偿由残余应力引起的零件加工变形提供了重要参考。

关键词：残余应力场精密加工变形力反问题在位测量

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Biomedical sensor technologies on the platform of mobile phones

Lin LIU, Jing LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 160-175 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0216-0

摘要：

Biomedical sensors have been widely used in various areas of biomedical practices, which play an important role in disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, health management, and so on. However, most of them and their related platforms are generally not easily accessible or just too expensive or complicated to be kept at home. As an alternative, new technologies enabled from the mobile phones are gradually changing such situations. As can be freely available to almost everyone, mobile phone offers a unique way to improve the conventional medical care through combining with various biomedical sensors. Moreover, the established systems will be both convenient and low cost. In this paper, we present an overview on the state-of-art biomedical sensors, giving a brief introduction of the fundamental principles and showing several new examples or concepts in the area. The focus was particularly put on interpreting the technical strategies to innovate the biomedical sensor technologies based on the platform of mobile phones. Some challenging issues, including feasibility, usability, security, and effectiveness, were discussed. With the help of electrical and mechanical technologies, it is expected that a full combination between the biomedical sensors and mobile phones will bring a bright future for the coming pervasive medical care.

关键词： biomedical sensor pervasive technology mobile phone combined system health management

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A mini review: Shape memory polymers for biomedical applications

Kaojin Wang, Satu Strandman, X. X. Zhu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 143-153 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1632-4

摘要： Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can change their shape in a pre-defined manner under a stimulus. The shape memory functionality has gained considerable interest for biomedical applications, which require materials that are biocompatible and sometimes biodegradable. There is a need for SMPs that are prepared from renewable sources to be used as substitutes for conventional SMPs. In this paper, advances in SMPs based on synthetic monomers and bio-compounds are discussed. Materials designed for biomedical applications are highlighted.

关键词： shape memory polymer biodegradability biocompatibility biomedical application bile acids

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Introduction to the Special Section on Biomedical Devices for Personal Health Applications

I-Ming CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0210-6

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Functional ferritin nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Zhantong Wang, Haiyan Gao, Yang Zhang, Gang Liu, Gang Niu, Xiaoyuan Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 633-646 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1620-8

摘要： Ferritin, a major iron storage protein with a hollow interior cavity, has been reported recently to play many important roles in biomedical and bioengineering applications. Owing to the unique architecture and surface properties, ferritin nanoparticles offer favorable characteristics and can be either genetically or chemically modified to impart functionalities to their surfaces, and therapeutics or probes can be encapsulated in their interiors by controlled and reversible assembly/disassembly. There has been an outburst of interest regarding the employment of functional ferritin nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This review will highlight the recent advances in ferritin nanoparticles for drug delivery, bioassay, and molecular imaging with a particular focus on their biomedical applications.

关键词： nanomedicine ferritin drug delivery bioassay molecular imaging

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density measurement for plastic injection molding via ultrasonic technology

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0714-2

摘要： Density variation during the injection molding process directly reflects the state of plastic melt and contains valuable information for process monitoring and optimization. Therefore, in-situ density measurement is of great interest and has significant application value. The existing methods, such as pressure−volume−temperature (PVT) method, have the shortages of time-delay and high cost of sensors. This study is the first to propose an in-situ density measurement method using ultrasonic technology. The analyses of the time-domain and frequency-domain signals are combined in the proposed method. The ultrasonic velocity is obtained from the time-domain signals, and the acoustic impedance is computed through a full-spectral analysis of the frequency-domain signals. Experiments with different process conditions are conducted, including different melt temperature, injection speed, material, and mold structure. Results show that the proposed method has good agreement with the PVT method. The proposed method has the advantages of in-situ measurement, non-destructive, high accuracy, low cost, and is of great application value for the injection molding industry.

关键词： ultrasonic measurement melt density in-situ measurement injection molding

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Personalized biomedical devices & systems for healthcare applications

I-Ming CHEN, Soo Jay PHEE, Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0209-z

摘要：

With the advancement in micro- and nanotechnology, electromechanical components and systems are getting smaller and smaller and gradually can be applied to the human as portable, mobile and even wearable devices. Healthcare industry have started to benefit from this technology trend by providing more and more miniature biomedical devices for personalized medical treatments in order to obtain better and more accurate outcome. This article introduces some recent development in non-intrusive and intrusive biomedical devices resulted from the advancement of niche miniature sensors and actuators, namely, wearable biomedical sensors, wearable haptic devices, and ingestible medical capsules. The development of these devices requires carful integration of knowledge and people from many different disciplines like medicine, electronics, mechanics, and design. Furthermore, designing affordable devices and systems to benefit all mankind is a great challenge ahead. The multi-disciplinary nature of the R&D effort in this area provides a new perspective for the future mechanical engineers.

关键词： personalized medical devices wearable sensor haptic device ingestible medical capsule

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Modeling limit force capacities of high force to volume lead extrusion dampers

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 609-622 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0724-x

摘要： Lead extrusion dampers are supplemental energy-dissipation devices that are used to mitigate seismic structural damage. Small volumetric sizes and high force capacities define high-force-to-volume (HF2V) devices, which can absorb significant response energy without sacrificial damage. However, the design of such devices for specific force capacities has proven difficult based on the complexities of their internal reaction mechanisms, leading to the adoption of empirical approaches. This study developed upper- and lower-bound force capacity estimates from analytical mechanics based on direct and indirect metal extrusion for guiding design. The derived equations are strictly functions of HF2V device geometric parameters, lead material properties, and extrusion mechanics. The upper-bound estimates from direct and indirect extrusion are denoted as (F_UB,1, F_UB,2) and (F_UB,3, F_UB,4), respectively, and the lower-bound estimates are denoted as (F_LB, F_LB,1) based on the combination of extrusion and friction forces. The proposed models were validated by comparing the predicted bounds to experimental force capacity data from 15 experimental HF2V device tests. The experimental device forces all lie above the lower-bound estimates (F_LB, F_LB,1) and below the upper-bound estimates (F_UB,1, F_UB,2, F_UB,4). Overall, the (F_LB, F_UB,2) pair provides wider bounds and the (F_LB,1, F_UB,4/F_UB,1) pair provides narrower bounds. The (F_LB,1, F_UB,1) pair has a mean lower-bound gap of 36%, meaning the lower bound was 74% of the actual device force on average. The mean upper-bound gap was 33%. The bulge area and cylinder diameter of HF2V devices are key parameters affecting device forces. These relatively tight bounds provide useful mechanics-based predictive design guides for ensuring that device forces are within the targeted design range after manufacturing.

关键词： extrusion lead dampers upper and lower bound analytical modelling limit force

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用于预测涡振稳态振幅的箱梁竖向涡激力简化非线性模型

朱乐东, 孟晓亮, 杜林清, 丁明畅

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 854-862 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.06.001

摘要：

采用同步测力测振大比例节段模型风洞试验方法，研究了作用在全封闭、半封闭和中央开槽三种典型箱梁上竖向涡激力的非线性特性，通过分析竖向涡激力不同成分的能量演化规律和对涡振响应的贡献，探索了竖向涡激共振的起振、发展和自限幅的机理。结果显示：不同类型箱梁的竖向涡激力的非线性成分通常会有所不同，但控制竖向涡激振动稳态响应幅值的最重要涡激力成分都是速度一次线性和三次非线性气动阻尼力成分。前者向振动系统提供了一个恒定的负气动阻尼比，因而是驱动涡振振幅发展的根本动力，而后者则向系统提供了一个与涡振速度平方成正比的正气动阻尼比，从而实质上成为导致涡振自限幅现象的内在因素。有鉴于此，本文提出了一个能高精度预测大跨度桥梁涡振稳态振幅的箱梁断面竖向涡激力通用简化非线性数学模型，并进行了验证。

关键词：箱形桥梁竖向涡激振动竖向涡激力简化非线性模型风洞试验大比例节段模型同步测力测振

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木质素磺酸盐/二氧化硅无机颗粒体系中的原子力显微镜力学测试——从分散机理研究到产品设计 Article

王静禹, 钱勇, 周义杰, 杨东杰, 邱学青

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1140-1148 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.004

摘要：

设计和制备高性能木质素基分散剂是实现木质素工程化高值利用的关键。这一过程很大程度上取决于对木质素基分散剂分散机理的理解。本文通过原子力显微镜（AFM）量化研究了木质素磺酸盐/二氧化硅（LS/SiO₂）体系在不同pH条件下的分散机理。结果表明，SiO₂颗粒之间在LS溶液中比在水中有更强的排斥力，因此具有更好的分散稳定性。分别使用Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO)理论以及结合空间位阻排斥力的DLVO理论方程对水中和LS溶液中的SiO₂探针与基材之间的AFM力/距离曲线（F/D）进行拟合。基于拟合结果，分别计算出静电排斥力和空间位阻排斥力，证明LS在SiO₂粒子之间提供了较强的空间位阻排斥力。进一步研究证明，LS在SiO₂上的吸附量（Q）、归一化作用常数（A）和特征长度（L）是影响LS/SiO₂体系空间位阻排斥力的三个关键因素。基于上述研究，设计并制备了新型季铵化接枝磺化木质素基分散剂（QAGSL）。QAGSL对SiO₂和真实水泥颗粒均具有良好的分散性能。相关研究既为LS/无机颗粒体系中的分散机理提供了基础和定量的理解，也为高性能木质素基分散剂的开发提供了重要的技术指导。

关键词：木质素二氧化硅原子力显微镜分散机理产品设计

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Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 412-417 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0114-x

摘要： The behaviors of electrode displacement and force during spot welding under various conditions, such as different weld currents, electrode forces, and welding times, were studied. Tests were conducted on a 170?kVA MFDC spot welder. Data were collected via a multichannel high-speed data acquisition system and were analyzed with MATLAB. Behaviors of 5182 aluminum and mild steel in spot welding were compared. Results show that nugget expansion rate does not reach zero for aluminium as it does for mild steel as nugget grew to a certain size. A linear relationship is found between the nugget size and maximum expansion that facilitates online weld quality evaluation. An electrode force peak is observed and believed relevant to the sufficient nugget size.

关键词： aluminum electrode displacement electrode force nugget size data acquisition